Tes darah yang optimal untuk pengembangan terapi baru penyakit Alzheimer

Tes darah yang optimal untuk pengembangan terapi baru penyakit Alzheimer

Sebuah studi barutelah mengidentifikasi tes darah mana yang terbaik dalam mendeteksi penyakit Alzheimer selama tahap paling awal, dan tes darah lain yang optimal untuk mendeteksi efek pengobatan yangrelevan. Temuan ini akan mempercepat pengembangan terapi baru yang dapat memperlambat perkembangan penyakit.

Studi Swedia yang dipimpin oleh Profesor Oskar Hanssson, Universitas Lund, dan Profesor Kaj Blennow, Universitas Gothenburg, melihat beberapa tes darah yang baru dikembangkan untuk patologi penyakit Alzheimer dan neurodegenerasi pada 575 individu dari kelompok BioFINDER. Pada 242 peserta, tes plasma diulang hingga 6 tahun, bersama dengan pengujian kognitif dan pencitraan resonansi magnetik.

Studi, yang diterbitkan dalamNature Medicine, mengungkapkan bahwa beberapa biomarker darah, yaitu fosfo-tau231 dan Aβ42/40, sudah cukup dalam mengidentifikasi patologi penyakit Alzheimer, bahkan pada peserta tanpa gejala dan dengan demikian, dapat digunakan sebagai strategi untuk memilih individu yang tepat untuk uji coba modifikasi penyakit baru – tugas yang saat ini membutuhkan teknik pencitraan molekuler yang mahal atau tusukan lumbal.

Namun, selama 6 tahun diuji, ditunjukkan bahwa hanya fosfo-tau217 yang terkait dengan patologi penyakit Alzheimer, penurunan kinerja kognitif dan peningkatan atrofi otak yang khas dari Alzheimer yang baru mulai. Oleh karena itu, phospho-tau217 akan menjadi penanda ideal untuk mendeteksi efek modifikasi penyakit yang relevan dari intervensi baru. Studi ini memiliki implikasi besar pada penggunaan tes darah dalam uji coba anti-Aβ yang baru-baru ini dilaporkan.

"Tes darah yang khas mungkin optimal untuk identifikasi patologi Alzheimer atau untuk pemantauan perkembangan penyakit dan oleh karena itu memiliki peran yang berbeda dalam uji klinis" penulis pertama studi penelitian Dr. Nicholas Ashton dari University of Gothenburg menjelaskan.

"Studi ini telah menunjukkan bahwa phospho-tau217 secara unik ditempatkan untuk menjadi tes yang optimal untuk memantau pasien baik dalam pengaturan klinis dan pengaturan uji coba karena hubungan longitudinalnya dengan perkembangan Alzheimer".

Aspek penting dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa p-tau217 mampu memantau perubahan patologi dan kognisi pada tahap yang sangat awal dari proses penyakit. Temuan ini direplikasi dalam kelompok independen dari AS, Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention (WRAP).

"Selain meningkatkan desain uji klinis, tes darah baru akan merevolusi diagnosis tahap awal penyakit Alzheimer", kata Oskar Hansson. "Lebih lanjut, phospoho-tau217 mungkin digunakan di masa depan untuk memantau respons pada pasien individu terhadap terapi modifikasi penyakit dalam praktik klinis.

Judul: Peran diferensial plasma p-tau217, p-tau231 dan Aβ42/40 untuk seleksi percobaan dan 2 pemantauan penyakit longitudinal pada awal penyakit Alzheimer,https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-02074-w

Lebih lanjut tentang Studi BIOFINDER Swedia,www.biofinder.se.

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