Risiko longsor masih lama setelah gempa bumi

Risiko longsor masih lama setelah gempa bumi

Pengamatan satelit telah mengungkapkan bahwa guncangan tanah seismik yang lemah dapat memicu percepatan tanah longsor yang kuat – bahkan beberapa tahun setelah gempa bumi yang signifikan.

Pengamatan ini membantu melukiskan gambaran komprehensif tentang perilaku tanah longsor yang dipicu oleh aktivitas seismik dan menyediakan alat untuk pemantauan waktu nyata untuk mendukung operasi penyelamatan yang cepat.

Tanah longsor, bahaya geologis alami di seluruh dunia, menyebabkan kerugian serius manusia dan ekonomi setiap tahun. Antara 1998-2017, tanah longsor mempengaruhi sekitar 4,8 juta orang di seluruh dunia dan menyebabkan lebih dari 18.000 kematian (perkiraan dari WHO). Tanah longsor dapat dipicu oleh gempa bumi, gunung berapi, curah hujan atau aktivitas manusia dan tanah longsor baru-baru ini yang merobek pulau Ischia di Italia adalah contoh tanah longsor yang dipicu oleh curah hujan.

Diterbitkan dalam jurnalNature Communications, studi ini berfokus pada tanah longsor yang dipercepat gempa bumi (EALs). Jenis tanah longsor ini dipengaruhi oleh efek seismik jangka panjang dan dapat mempertahankan gerakan yang dipercepat untuk waktu yang lama setelah gempa. EAL menyebabkan korban manusia yang sangat serius, terutama di daerah yang aktif secara seismik.

Penelitian ini dipimpin oleh Profesor Zhenhong Li, saat ini di Universitas Chang'an (Cina), dan Profesor Utili di Universitas Newcastle. Mereka juga bekerja dengan Profesor Giovanni Crosta dan Paolo Frattini di Universitas Milan-Bicocca, Italia.

Para ilmuwan menggunakan pengamatan radar satelit untuk mendeteksi dan menyelidiki aktivasi dan pemulihan EAL di Italia Tengah. Pekerjaan mereka telah mengarah pada inventarisasi EAL lengkap pertama, yang memiliki potensi untuk menginformasikan penilaian risiko tanah longsor jangka panjang di daerah yang aktif secara seismik.

Profesor Stefano Utili, Profesor Teknik Geoteknik di Sekolah Teknik Universitas Newcastle, mengatakan: "Pekerjaan ini sangat penting untuk penilaian risiko tanah longsor jangka panjang di daerah di mana kita melihat aktivitas seismik. Orang cenderung berpikir tanah longsor yang dipicu oleh gempa bumi hanya terjadi selama atau segera setelah gempa bumi, tetapi sayangnya banyak sekali yang terjadi beberapa tahun setelah peristiwa seismik di daerah yang sebelumnya dianggap aman sehingga tidak mudah untuk membuat prediksi. Studi ini menunjukkan metodologi yang hemat biaya dan efisien berdasarkan citra satelit untuk mengidentifikasi dan menilai risiko yang ditimbulkan oleh gerakan tanah menjadi bencana tanah longsor setelah gempa bumi dalam jangka panjang. Langkah selanjutnya adalah bagi otoritas sipil untuk mengadopsi metode tersebut."

Rekan penulis Profesor Jianbing Peng, Anggota Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), mengatakan: "Studi ini berkontribusi pada pemahaman komprehensif tentang risiko tanah longsor yang disebabkan gempa bumi, termasuk kegagalan tanah longsor koseismik dan dinamika tanah longsor pasca-gempa, dan ini sangat penting untuk penilaian jangka panjang dan pengelolaan bahaya tanah longsor di daerah yang aktif secara seismik."

Referensi:

Song C., Yu C., Li Z., Utili S., Frattini P., Crosta G., Peng J. Memicu dan memulihkan tanah longsor yang dipercepat gempa bumi di Italia Tengah diungkapkan oleh pengamatan radar satelit. Komunikasi Alam, 13: 7278. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-35035-5

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